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A wide range of biological systems such as microbes, plants, animals and other complex biosystems have been investigated to understand the metabololic responses of organisms to environmental stress. Environmental metabolomics is one of these applications to study the organism-environment interactions. Metabolite fingerprinting, coupled with multivariate data analysis, has been applied to give the overview of the metabolic state of biological samples and reveal the changes in measured metabolites due to external perturbations.
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In this work, we tried to find whether obvious difference exist between soft corals from two geographical origins in the case of various species. The authors ascribed the variation to different chemical environment. flexibilis showed the metabolites of this sample were abundant in steroids with a small amount of cembranoid diterpenes which were different with previous researches. Simplexins A–I were isolated from the wild-type soft coral, and new eunicellin-base diterpenoids, klysimplexins and klysimplexin sulfoxides, were obtained from cultured K. The investigation of metabolites from cultured and wild-type soft coral Klyxum simplex resulted in different diterpenoids. Koh et al.’s research showed different individuals of same species contained different types of major cembranoids, and the result indicated the composition of cembranoids in the Sarcophyton genus is related with the location where individual samples collected rather than morphological species. Several studies have reported the spatial diversity of chemical composition in soft corals. They were potential candidates for novel medicinal drugs.
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In the area of drug research, these natural products were proved to possess diverse bioactivities such as anti-inflammation, anti-tumor and antioxidant activity. As scientists’ concerns about the compounds with interesting medical properties have increased, a number of bioactive secondary metabolites such as sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, sterols and alkaloids produced by soft corals have been found. Soft corals refer to the marine colonial organisms in the class Octocorallia that inhabit tropical and subtropical area including South China Sea. The results revealed that metabolites of soft corals evidently depended on living environmental condition, which would provide valuable information for further relevant coastal marine environment evaluation. The satisfied precision of classification obtained indicates this approach using combined 1H-NMR and chemometrics is effective to discriminate soft corals collected in different geographical locations. The specific markers that contributed to discrimination between soft corals in two origins belonged to terpenes, sterols and N-containing compounds. A partial least-squares discriminant analysis showed clear separation among extracts of soft corals grown in Sanya Bay and Weizhou Island. In this work, soft corals from two geographical locations were investigated using 1H-NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical analysis at the metabolic level. They are shown to be rich source of secondary metabolites with biological activities. Soft corals are common marine organisms that inhabit tropical and subtropical oceans.